Alice and Bob

Alice and Bob are fictional characters commonly used as a placeholder name in cryptology.

Alice and Bob first appeared in 1978 in a paper on cryptography. A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. They wrote

"For our scenarios we suppose that A and B (also known as Alice and Bob) are two users of a public-key cryptosystem".

Instead of saying "How can B send a private message M to A in a public-key cryptosystem?", they chose to represent it with more human friendly names Alice and Bob.

Within a few years, reference to Alice and Bob in cryptological literature became failry common and it even started to appear in Science and Engineering.

Cast of characters

The world of Alice and Bob grew with time and now there is a complete cast of characters serving some generic purpose.

character name	usage
Alice and Bob	The original, generic characters. Generally, Alice and Bob want to exchange a message or cryptographic key.
Carol	The generic third participant.
Eve	The eavesdropper, who is usually a passive attacker
Grace	A government representative
Mallory	Malicious attacker. Unlike the passive Eve, Mallory/Mallet is an active attacker. usually participating in man-in-middle attacks
Trent	A trusted arbitrator, who acts as a neutral third party

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